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Tuesday, November 30, 2010

Research Paper on Richard Nixon

Research Paper on Richard Nixon

Richard Nixon and his Domestic Policy
Richard Nixon becomes 37th President of the U.S., 1969. He tend to focus on his achievements on the foreign policies, however, his domestic records was one of the paradox. He continued the legislations of previous presidents relating to housing, education etc. He had showed a similar creativity, particularly on his early plan for welfare reform and his willingness to scrap his conservative economic approach in favor of wage and price control. Also, he involved in the education and Burger court.

Perhaps the most spectacular was the landing on the moon on July 21,1969 by astronuts Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin. Amendment 26 Ratified of 1971 was brought up by Nixon which allowed all U.S. citizens 18 years old and above to vote

Education
Richard Nixon has tried to slow down the pace of the intergration of blacks students into the white schools. In the South, the Whites and the Blacks were studied in separate schools and the Blacks were never treated equal and in 1957 the Supreme Court declared that the practice was illegal. However, Nixon did not aggressively prosecute the segregated school districts and at the same time Nixon apposed the use of public buses to transport students to integrated schools.

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Economies
During Nixon's presidency inflation and highly unemployment were the main problems faced by Nixon. By early 1971, United States was suffering from a 5.3 percent inflation rate and a 6 percent umemployment rate and US also suffered a trade defict importing more goods than it exported. Thus, this had caused hardship for many people. The word stagflation soon would be coined to describe this coexistence of economics recession and inflation. Nixon had done many things to solved these problems. Nixon had tried to slow inflation by raising interest rates. By adding this, he taught he would reduce the amount of money, however, this strategy failed. Then in August 1971, Nixon began to control wages and prices. At the same time, he promoted U.S export and discourage import and also, he devalued the dollar. Thus, this lowered the cost of U.S goods in other countries. Throughout 1972 signs of economic recovery multiplied. He blamed that the inflation on Congress, and he vetoed bills that over his budgetary recommendation. During 1973 and 1974, the Mid-east oil-producing countries sharply increased their oil prices. With the pressure of inflation and the unemployment rate that increased in the United States, Nixon advocated greater exploitation of U.S energy reserves. Nixon's economic programs were in fact a surprise for those who expected him to follow a traditional Republican approach.

Environment
During his presidency in 1972, the Congress created an act known as the Environment Protection Agency (EPA) which is to protect and improve the environment, initially Nixon wasn't willing to agree to EPA but he did reluctantly. In the wake of Earth Day, Nixon approved the Clean Air Act of 1970 establishing a billion dollar air pollution control program and imposed emission standards on automobiles. He also undertook Occuypational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) measures on the job front. In the same year, he signed the Water Quality Improvement Act of 1970 imposing penalties for pollution of ocean and inland waters following the oil spill of Santa Barbara. After some years, congress also created the Consumer Products Safety Commission (CPSC). After twoyears, the Clean Air Act (1970), Clean Water Act (1972), and Pesticide Control Act (1972). These agencies had made American's life easier.

Burger Court Policy
Nixon played to be more conservative in part to win the supports from the south, where most of the voters favor this policy. When the senate rejected two southern nominees to the Supreme Court, Nixon failed to gain the supports. After that, he appointed the judge Warren E. Burger to be the Supreme Court in 1969; federal judge Harry A. Blackmun from Minnesota in 1970; and Virginia lawyer Lewis F. Powell and Assistant Attorney General William H. Rehnquist of Arizona in 1971. Together they shifted the Supreme Court to a more conservative position.

Welfare Program
The efforts by Nixon to reform the nation's welfare system met resistance in Congress, but in 1972 he won approval of a program to share federal revenues with the states. As a result, Nixon had proposed a welfare program of Daniel Moynihan to provide $1,600 minimum for a poor family.

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